Growth Promotion
| Overexpression of growth factor receptors (such as epidermal growth factor, or EGF) making cells more sensitive to growth stimuli | c-erb-B2
|
| Increased growth factor signal transduction by an oncogene that lacks the GTPase activity that limits GTP induction of cytoplasmic kinases that drive cell growth | ras
|
| Overexpression of a gene product by stimulation from an oncogene (such as ras) | c-sis
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| Lack of normal gene regulation through translocation of a gene where it is controlled by surrounding genes to a place where it is no longer inhibited | c-abl
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| Binding of oncogene product to the nucleus with DNA transcriptional activation to promote entry into the cell cycle | c-myc
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Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Function
| Loss of normal growth inhibition | BRCA-1
| | Lack of regulation of cell adhesion with loss of growth control through cell interaction | APC
| | Loss of down-regulation of growth promoting signal transduction | NF-1
| | Loss of regulation of cell cycle activation through sequestation of transcriptional factors | Rb
| | Loss of regulation of cell cycle activation through lack of inhibition of cell proliferation that allows DNA repair | p53
| | Limitation of Apoptosis | Overexpression of gene, activated by translocation, prevents apoptosis | bcl-2
| |
