In this paper we show that nominal loss aversion is an important feature
in explaining sellers' behavior in the housing market. We use data from
the 1990-97 boom-bust cycle in downtown Boston to document the following
facts:
1) sellers who are subject to nominal losses set higher asking prices
on their condominiums of at least to 35 percent of the difference between
the expected selling price of a property and their original purchase price;
2) sellers facing a smaller loss have a much higher marginal mark-up
of list price over expected selling price than sellers facing a larger
loss;
3) while (1) and (2) hold for both owner-occupants and investors, the
estimated effects are roughly twice as large for owner-occupants as investors;
4) sellers with a potential nominal loss also attain higher selling
prices of about 33 percent of that difference, about the same mark-up as
in the listing price; and
5) in setting higher reservation prices, owners subject to a potential
nominal loss have a much lower hazard rate of sale than other sellers.
These findings are consistent with the shape of the value function in
prospect theory as first proposed by Kahneman and Tversky (1979). They
also help explain previously observed (anomalous) regularities in aggregate
prices and volume in this market. |