Thermodynamics

0351.2202
Semester A, 2011/2012
Sunday, 12:00-14:00, Ornstein 103 (lecture)
Thursday, 12:00-14:00, Dan David 110 (lecture)
Sunday, 14:00-16:00, Ornstein 103 (tutoring)
Tuesday, 15:00-17:00, Ornstein 103 (tutoring)

---

Program

• Lecture 1 (30/10/11)
  • The context of thermodynamics: why study large systems separately?
  • Mathematical reminder: derivative, partial derivative, differential, exact differential
  • State function, thermodynamic path, thermodynamic cycle
  Simulation of irreversibility in a gas of hard disks (requires Java)
  Home Exercise #1   Solution #1
   
• Lecture 2 (3/11/11)
  • State function, thermodynamic path, thermodynamic cycle (cont.)
  • Thermodynamic variables, intensive vs. extensive quantities, environment (reservoir)
  
  
• Lecture 3 (6/11/11)
  • Systems in contact: isolated system, thermal contact, pressure contact, diffusive contact
  • Thermodynamic equilibrium
  • Thermodynamic processes: isothermal process, isobaric process, isochoric process, adiabatic process, reversible process
  • Ideal and real gases, virial expansion
  Class Exercise #2   Home Exercise #2   Solution #2
  Solution of the end of Class Exercise #2
   
• Lecture 4 (10/11/11)
  • Real gases: van der Waals equation of state
  • Zeroth law of thermodynamics
  • First law of thermodynamics
  • Work, heat
  • Heat capacity
  
  
• Lecture 5 (13/11/11)
  • Enthalpy
  • Heat capacities at constant volume and constant pressure
  • Processes in an ideal gas
  Proof of the entropy being a state function
  Class Exercise #3   Home Exercise #3   Solution #3
   
• Lecture 6 (17/11/11)
  • Processes in an ideal gas (cont.): isothermal expansion, isobaric heating, isochoric heating, adiabatic expansion
  
  
• Lecture 7 (20/11/11)
  • Processes in an ideal gas (cont.): adiabatic expansion, irreversible free expansion
  • Thermochemistry
  Class Exercise #4  Home Exercise #4
  Solution of Question #4 in Class Exercise #4   Solution #4
   
• Lecture 8 (24/11/11)
  • Thermochemistry (cont.): Hess law
  • Second law of thermodynamics: Carnot principle, Kelvin-Planck formulation, entropy
  
  
• Lecture 9 (27/11/11)
  • Second law of thermodynamics (cont.): irreversible processes, Clausius' formulation, spontaneous processes, systems at equilibrium
  Class Exercise #5   Home Exercise #5   Solution #5
   
• Lecture 10 (1/12/11)
  • The statistical interpretation of entropy
  • Entropy change in reversible processes
  • Entropy change in irreversible processes
  
  
• Lecture 11 (4/12/11)
  • Entropy change in irreversible processes (cont.)
  • Entropy of mixing
  • Heat engine
  Class Exercise #6   Home Exercise #6   Solution #6
  Solution to the last part of Class Exercise #6
  Addition to Class Exercise #6
   
• Lecture 12 (8/12/11)
  • Heat engine (cont.)
  • Heat pump
  • Thermodynamic potentials and natural variables: internal energy
  
  
• Lecture 13 (11/12/11)
  • Legendre transform
  • Helmholtz free energy
  • Gibbs free energy
  Class Exercise #7   Home Exercise #7   Solution #7
   
• Lecture 14 (15/12/11)
  Tutoring (Naomi Oppenheimer)
   
• Lecture 15 (18/12/11)
  • Homogeneous functions, Gibbs-Duhem equation
  • Gibbs-Helmholtz equation
  • Grand-canonical potential
  
  
• Lecture 16 (22/12/11)
  • Maxwell relations
  Class Exercise #8  Solution to Class Exercise #8  Home Exercise #8  Solution #8
   
• Lecture 17 (29/12/11)
  • The third law of thermodynamics
  • Activity
  • Fugacity
  • Chemical equilibrium
  
  
• Lecture 18 (1/1/12)
  • Chemical equilibrium (cont.)
  Class Exercise #9  Solution to Class Exercise #9  Home Exercise #9  Solution #9
   
• Lecture 19 (5/1/12)
  • Gas-liquid phase transition
  • Critical point; law of corresponding states
  
  
• Lecture 20 (8/1/12)
  • Coexistence: equal-area construction, lever rule
  • Metastable phases: super-heating, super-cooling
  Class Exercise #10  Solution to Class Exercise #10  Home Exercise #10  Solution #10
   
• Lecture 21 (12/1/12)
  • Phase diagrams
  • Chemical potential and entropy in first-order phase transitions
  • Latent heat
  
  
• Lecture 22 (15/1/12)
  • Clapeyron and Clausius-Clapeyron equations
  • Gibbs phase rule
  • Gas-liquid coexistence in binary mixtures
  • Bubble line; dew line
  Class Exercise #11  Solution of Class Exercise #11  Home Exercise #11  Solution #11
   
• Lecture 23 (19/1/12)
  • Raoult's law,  Historical perspective on Raoult and his law
  • Phase diagram of binary mixtures
  
  
• Lecture 24 (22/1/12)
  • Distillation
  • Non-ideal mixtures
    • Henry's law
    • Activity coefficients
  • Effect of solute on boiling point
  Class Exercise #12 Solution of Class Exercise #12  Home Exercise #12  Solution #12
   
• Lecture 25 (26/1/12)
  • Effect of solute on freezing point
  • Osmotic pressure
  • Activity of electrolytes
  
  
• Lecture 26 (29/1/12)
  • Activity of electrolytes (cont.)
  • Debye-Huckel theory
  • Electrochemical equilibrium
  Class Exercise #13  Solution of Class Exercise #13
   
• Lecture 27 (2/2/12)

Past exams