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The
postulate page
of this overview explains why the existence of
a baryonic core is an indispensable element of the regular charge
monopole theory presented herein. Now, let us consider a nucleon
moving at an ultra-reltivistic velocity and sum the momentum
carried by its quarks. It turns out that
experiments prove that this portion of
momentum is about one half of the total momentum of the nucleon.
This experimental fact means that apart from quarks, baryons contain
another physical object. This result is consistent with the baryonic
core
postulate
of the regular monopole theory. On the other hand,
if experiments had proved that all baryonic
momentum is carried by quarks, then the magnetic monopole theory
of hadrons would have been refuted.
Table 3 on p. 109 of this paper (
click here
)
shows the masses and the relative binding energies of quarks
of several hadrons that are the lightest states of specifid
qqq and
qq̅
combinations of valence quarks. Here valence quarks of baryons
are qqx, where q is a u,d quark and
x is a u,d,s,c,b quark. mesons comprise at least
one q quark.
The data prove that in
the proton the
u,d quarks
are bound weaker than in pions. In contrast,
in baryons the s,c,b quarks are bound stronger than in mesons.
This is a very strong indication of the existence of inner
closed shells of u,d quarks in baryons.
In other words, the baryonic closed shells
of u,d quarks
and the Pauli principle push the proton's
u,d valence quarks to higher energy states, and
their binding energy reduces. The Pauli principle does not apply
to one quark of a higher flavor.
In baryons, the core's monopole = 3 attraction
is stronger than that of the meson, and the binding energy of
heavier quarks is greater.
Well established proton-proton scattering data provide a very
strong indication for the existence of a baryonic core that
contains closed shells of quarks. For reading a discussion
click here.
More details concerning the form of the baryonic core can be found
in a prediction of LHC results in
LHC.pdf.
In QCD, glueons are regarded
as the other baryonic component that carries the rest of the momentum.
(In QCD, glueons correspond to bound electromagnetic fields of
electrodynamics.)
For reading a further discussion of this issue and related
topics, as well as two LHC predictions
Click here.
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