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Zebrafish serotonin-N-acetyltransferase-2 gene
regulation: pineal-restrictive downstream module contains a functional
E-box and three photoreceptor conserved
elements.
Appelbaum L, Toyama R, Dawid IB, Klein
DC, Baler R, Gothilf Y.
Department of Zoology, George S. Wise
Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978,
Israel.
Pineal function is defined by a set of very narrowly
expressed genes that encode proteins required for photoperiodic
transduction and rhythmic melatonin secretion. One of these proteins is
serotonin N-acetyltransferase (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase,
AANAT), which controls the daily rhythm in melatonin production. Here,
pineal-specific expression of the zebrafish aanat-2 (zfaanat-2) was
studied using in vivo transient expression analyses of promoter-reporter
constructs; this revealed that specificity is determined by two regions
located 12 kb away from each other. One is the 5'-flanking region, and
the other is a 257-bp sequence, located 6 kb downstream of the
transcribed region. This 3'-sequence, designated pineal-restrictive
downstream module (PRDM), has a dual function: enhancement of pineal
expression and inhibition of extrapineal expression. The former is an
autonomic property of PRDM whereas the later function requires
interaction with the upstream regulatory region of zfaanat-2. Functional
analyses of the PRDM sequence revealed that three photoreceptor
conserved elements (TAATC) and a single perfect E-box (CACGTG) are
crucial for the dual function of PRDM. These results indicate that
pineal specificity of zfaanat-2 is determined by the dual functionality
of the PRDM and the interaction between upstream regulatory region and
downstream photoreceptor conserved elements and E-box
element.
PMID: 14988431 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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