Professor Yossi Loya
Ph.D.:

State University of New York at Stony Brook, L.I. New York, 1967-1971.

Phone:

(Office) +972-3-640-7683
(Fax) +972-3-640-7682

(Home) +972-9-774-1921
Mobile: 054-637-2121

E-mail:
Room#: 326
Member's portrait
  Personal Information
  Research Interests
  Selected Publications
  Students and Lab Members
  Academic and Professional Experience
  Full CV
  My Theme

Personal Information
 
Home Adress: 31 Hakochav St. Raanana, 43568 Israel
             
Education:
Degree
 Year
     Institute
Dept.
         Thesis
    Post   doctorate                
1971-1972         
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, (WHOI) Mass.
  Ecology        

Oil pollution effects on benthic communities in Buzzards Bay Woods Hole (with Professors

H. Sanders and F. Grassle)

  Ph.D.

1967-1971

State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York

  Ecology

Community structure and species diversity of hermatypic corals at Eilat, Red Sea.

Supervisor: Prof. L.B. Slobodkin

  M.Sc.

1965-1967

Tel Aviv University,

Israel

  Zoology

Ecology of fish breeding in brackish water ponds near the Dead Sea (Israel); Suma cum laude

   B.Sc.
1962-1965
Tel Aviv University, Israel
  Biology
 
 

Research Interests

Ecology and Evolution of reef corals; Coral reef community structure; Species diversity of corals; Life history strategies of reef corals and their associated fauna; Competitive networks and space partitioning within coral populations; The role of boring organisms in bioerosion of coral reefs; Effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on coral reef communities; Effects of oil-pollution on coral- reef communities; Conservation ecology and management of coral reef nature reserves; hormonal influences on anthozoan reproductive cycles, effects of environmental stress on anthozoan reproduction Biologically active compounds derived from coral-reef organisms in search for new drugs; Global climatic changes and its effect on coral-reef communities; Coral bleaching; Coral diseases.


Students and Lab Members

                     

                                Ph.D. students

Graduation year

 

Name

                    

                       Thesis title

1982
Yehuda Benayahu

Population dynamics and life history strategies in

Red Sea soft corals.

1982
Baruch Rinkevich

Calcification and productivity in the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata.

1984
Avi Shafir

Aspects of energy flow within the coral Stylophora pistillata and some of its associates.

1984
Yechiam Schlesinger
Reproduction and juvenile growth in stony corals.
1988
Craig Browdy

Growth and reproduction of the shrimp

Penaeus semisulcatus in captivity.

1989
Micha Ilan

 Life strategies of sponges from the Red Sea: Reproduction, settlement and self/non-self recognition.

1993
Avigdor Abelson

Biomechanical aspects in the biology and

ecology of sessile organisms in coral reefs.

1993
Ofer Mokady

Bioerosion rate of corals by boring bivalves:

A chemical approach.

1994
Rami Klein
Skeletal banding in recent and fossil corals.
1995
Amit Lotan
Medusae blooms in the Mediterranean Sea: Ecological and toxicological aspects.
1998
Ester Kramarsky
Winter Reproductive strategies of fungid corals: sexual and asexual reproduction.
1998
Uri Oren
Regeneration patterns in reef corals.
1998
Ariel Kushmaro

Interactions between corals and their associated  bacteria.(Co-Supervisor: Prof. Eugene Rosenberg)

2002
Maoz Fine

Community structure and dynamics of

Mediterranean corals.

2003
Michael Rosenfeld

The use of contemporary corals in predictive

models concerned with global climate change.

2003
Dov Kelman

Biologically active materials derived from

Red Sea organisms.

2003
Omer Choresh

Expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in marine invertebrates:development of an early warning system for disturbed marine environments.

Current
Gidon Winters

Photoinhibition in corals – effects of UV, PAR

and temperature.

Current
Noa Shenkar

Population dynamics of Mediterranean and

Red Sea tunicates .

Current
Assaf Zevoluni

Coral community dynamics in bleached and

non-bleached coral reefs (Zanzibar vs. Eilat).

Current
Amy Shlesinger

Predator-prey interactions between nudibranchs

and their sea-anemone prey.

Current
Rachel Armosa

Ecological and physiological aspects of sex

hormones in corals.


                                  

                                      M.Sc. students

Graduation year

 

Name  

                       

                               Thesis title

1975
Yehuda Benayahu

Quantitative characteristics of stony corals, soft corals and algae in the northern Gulf of Eilat ( Red Sea ).

1975
Baruch Rinkevich

On the reproduction of Stylophora pistillata (Esper) and harmful effects of oil pollution on its population.

 

1978

     Yechiam Schlesinger

 

Effects of phosphate pollution on the community structure of the holothurians Actinopyga bannwarthi and Synapta maculata

1978
Mordehai Shpigel

Spatial heterogeneity in branching corals and fish species diversity

 

1979
Zeev Wolodarsky

Competition and space partitioning among Trapezia species within the coral Stylophora pistillata .

1985

Esther Kramarsky -

Winter

Life history strategy of the bivalve Lithophaga purpurea boring in the coral Cyphastrea chalcidicum.

1985
Itzchak Brikner

Reproductive and settlement strategy of the boring bivalve Lithophaga purpurea in living corals.

1987
Avigdor Abelson

Aggressiveness in stony corals: Is it competition for space?

1988
Oved Gur

Predation and life history strategies of the coral predatory snail Drupella cornus

1988
Sara Sadot

Life history and reproduction of Pocillopora in the Gulf of Eilat

 

1989
Rami Klein

Sclerochrondogical aspects of hermatypic corals (genus: Porites) in the Gulf of Eilat.

1989
Gila Arazi
Larval ecology of boring bivalves in living corals.
1990
Oron Prager

Surface structural complexity and its influence on ecological indices of aquatic communities.

1991

Tamar Liberman

 

Possible benefits to the coral Stylophora pistillata from the association with the fish Dascyllus marginatus

1991
Nadav Shashar
Nitrogen fixation in stony corals.
1996
Vered Shimoni
Population genetics of boring bivalves in stony corals
1997
Dalit Trovezky

Bioerosion of the coral reef by parrotfish

(Co-supervisor: B. Lazar , Hebrew University ).

1998
Maoz Fine

The scleractinian coral Oculina patagonica :

A new invader to the Mediterranean sea,

biological and ecological aspects.

1998
Hadas Lubinevsky
Light and shade adapted Mediterranean corals
1999
Omer Choresh
Heat shock proteins in Oculina patagonica: a Mediterranean shallow water coral.
2000
Nachshon Siboni
Effect of coal pollution on Mediterranean benthic communities.
2001
Gidon Winters

Photoinhibition in shallow water colonies of Stylophora pistillata as measured in situ.

(Co-supervisor Sven Beer )

2003
Noa Levin

Environmental factors influencing the chronic bleaching of the Mediterranean stony coral

Oculina patagonica .

2003
Meir Sussman

Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) reveals the fireworm Hermodice carunculata as a reservoir and a possible vector for the coral pathogen Vibrio shiloi  (Co-supervisor-E. Rosenberg ).

2003
Ofer Ben-Zvi

Deterioration Index (DI): a suggested tool for monitoring reef-coral community health.

(Co-supervisor- A. Abelson).

2003
Omer Polack

Reproductive cycle of Palythoa sp. at Eilat, Red Sea. (Co-supervisor- Y. Benayahu).

2004
Amy Shlesinger

Nematocysts' toxins of the Mediterranean sea-anemone Aiptasia diaphana and their role in external digestion.

2005
Ran Sulam
Outbreak of coral diseases at the coral reefs of Eilat.
2005
Rachel Armoza
Bio-indicators of stress in scleractinian corals.
2006
Roee Segal

Molecular characteristics of the bleaching phenomenon of the Mediterranean stony coral Oculina patagonica .

2006
Yehonatan Sharon

Ecology of Lessepsian mussels invading the Mediterranean (Co-supervisor- Y. Benayahu TAU)

2006
Daniel Allen

Community structure of deep (50 m ) scleractinian corals in Eilat, Red Sea .

Current
Nimrod Lazarus
Induction of metamorphosis in nudibranch larvae.
Current
Ada Alamaru

Trophic biology of Scleractinian planulae

(Co-supervisor- A. Shemesh, Weitzman Institute).

Current
Ido Mizrachi

Sclerochronology of bleached and non-bleached corals. (Co-supervisor- A. Shemesh, Weitzman Institute).

Current
Maya Weizel

Bleaching effects on reproduction of a Red Sea scleractinian coral population.

Current
Rafi Yaabetz
Reproductive cycle of a nudibranch.
Current
Ayelet Dadon
Mechanisms of bleaching in the Mediterranean coral Oculina patagonica (Co-supervisor- M. Fine, Bar Ilan Univ. ).

      

 


Selected Publications

                                                  

 

                         

                        Books

 

    Y. Loya and R. Klein "Coral Reefs" (1994).320pp (in Hebrew).

         Ministry of Defence. The publishing House

         

   

  Y. Loya and R. Klein (1996). "Coral Reefs" Translated to German

                     "Die Welt der Korallen Encyclopadie der Unterwasserwelt"

                      312 pp Jahr–Verlag GmbH & Co. Hamburg

    Y. Loya and R. Klein (1996) "Coral Reefs" Translated to Dutch-

                    "De Wereld van het koraalrif: Encyclopedie van de

                    onderwatererwereld" 312 pp Jahr–Verlag GmbH & Co. Hamburg

                

                

         

                    E. Rosenberg and Y. Loya (eds.) (2004).

                     "Coral Health and Disease"

                      Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York                                  

           

    

                                Selected publications (articles)

 4.  Y.Loya, L.B. Slobodkin (1971). The coral reefs of Eilat (Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea).

         Proc. Zool. Soc. London 28: 117-140.

  5.  Y. Loya (1972). Community structure and species diversity of hermatypic
corals at Eilat,

      Red Sea.Mar. Biol., 13: 100-123.
     
  6.  Y. Loya (1975). Possible effects of water pollution on the community structure

       of Red Sea corals. Mar. Biol., 29: 177-185.

  9.  Y. Loya (1976a). The Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata is an r-strategist.

       Nature, 259: 478-480.


  10.  Y. Loya (1976b). Recolonization of Red Sea corals affected by natural
catastrophes

         and man-made perturbations.

        Ecology, 57: 278-289.

       
  12.  Y. Loya (1976d). Skeletal regeneration rate in a Red Sea scleractinian coral
population.

        Nature, 261: 490-491.

  14. Y. Benayahu & Y. Loya (1977). Space partitioning by stony corals, soft corals and algae in the northern Gulf of Eilat, Red   

        Sea.Helgolander wiss. Meeresunters 30: 362-382.

  l9.  Y. Loya (1978). Plotless and transect methods. In: Monographs on Oceanic Methodology.

        Coral Reefs: Research Methods. D R. Stoddart and R.E. Johannes (eds.). UNESCO Press,

         5: 197-218.

  20.  Bradbury R.H., Y. Loya (1978). A heuristic analysis of spatial patterns of  hermatypic corals at Eilat,

         Red Sea. Amer. Natur., 112: 439-507.

      
  2l.  Loya Y., B. Rinkevich (1979). Abortion effects in corals induced by
oil-pollution.

       Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 1: 77-80.

  22.  Rinkevich B., Y. Loya (1979). The reproduction of the Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata.

         I.Gonads and planulae.Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 2: 133-144.

  23. B. Rinkevich & Y. Loya (1979).The reproduction of the Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata. II. Synchronization in breeding and

        seasonality of planulae shedding. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 2: 145-152.
      
     
  27.  Loya Y., B. Rinkevich (1980). Effects of oil pollution on coral reef communities.

        Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 2: 167-180.

  36.  Y. Benayahu, Y. Loya (1983). Surface brooding in the Red Sea soft coral
Parerythropodium

         fulvum fulvum (Forskal, 1775). Biol. Bull., 165: 353-369.
        
  42.  Y.Loya, G. Bull and M. Pichon. (1984). Tumor formations in scleractinian corals.

        Helgol. wiss. Meeres., 37: 99-112.

  46.  B. Rinkevich, Y. Loya (l985). Intraspecific competition in a reef coral: effects on
growth and

         reproduction. Oecologia, 66: 100-105.

       
  47.  L. Muscatine, L.R. McCloskey and Y. Loya (l985).A compare ison of the growth
rates

       of zooxanthellae and animal tissue in the Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata

         Fifth Int. Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti, 6:119-123.

         

 50.  Y. Schlesinger, Y. Loya (l985). Coral community reproductive patterns: Red Sea versus the

        Great Barrier Reef.

       Science, 228: 1333-1335.

  54.  R.E. Reichelt, Y. Loya and R.H. Bradbury (l986). Patterns in the use of space by benthic

       communities on two coral reefs of the Great Barrier Reef.

         Coral Reefs, 5: 73-79.

              
 64.  R. Klein, Y. Loya, G. Gvirtzman, P.S. Isdale and M. Susic (l990).Seasonal rainfall in the

      Sinai desert during the late Quaternary inferred from fluorescent bands in fossil corals.

       Nature, 345: l45-l47.

 

  66. N. E. Chadwick, Y. Loya (l990). Regeneration after experimental breakage in the solitary reef coral Fungia granulosa Klunzinger,

       l879. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. l42: 22l-234.

   
  68.   Y. Loya (l990). Changes in a Red Sea Coral Community Structure: A Long-Term Case

          History Study. In: The Earth in Transition: Patterns and Processes of Biotic Impoverishment,

          G.M. Woodwell (ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 369-384.

                  
  7l.   R. Klein, Y. Loya (l99l). Skeletal growth and density patterns of two scleractinian corals from

         the Gulf of Eilat,Red Sea.Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 77: 253-259.

              
  72.  B. Lazar, Y. Loya (l99l).Bioerosion of coral reefs - a chemical approach.
          Limnol. and Oceanog., 36: 377-383.

  77. R. Klein, O. Mokady and Y. Loya (l99l). Bioerosion in ancient and contemporary corals of the genus Porites: Patterns and    

        paleoenvironmental implications. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 77: 245-25l.

  78. R. Klein, J. Paetzold, G. Wefer and Y. Loya (l992).Seasonal variations in the stable isotopic composition and skeletal density

        pattern of the coral Porites lobata (Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea). Mar. Biol. ll2: 259-263.


  80.  O. Mokady, G. Arazi, D. Bonar and Y. Loya (l992). Settlement and metamorphosis
specificity

         of Lithophaga simplex Irdale (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) on Red Sea corals.

         J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., l62: 243-25l.

   

  8l. N.E. Chadwick, Y. Loya (l992). Migration, habitat use and competition among mobile fungiid corals in the Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea.

        Mar. Biol. ll4: 6l7-623.

      
  84.  A. Abelson, T. Miloh and Y. Loya (l993). Flow patterns induced by substratum and body

        morphology of benthic organisms and their role in determining food particle availability.

       Limnol. and Oceanog., 38: lll6-ll24.
       
  88.  N. Shashar, Y. Cohen, and Y. Loya (1993). Extreme diel fluctuations of oxygen in the

       diffusive boundary layers surrounding stony corals. Biol. Bull. 185: 455- 461.

           
  91.  A. Abelson, D. Weihs and Y. Loya (1994). Hydrodynamic impedance to settlement of marine

         propagules and trailing filament solutions.

         Limnol. and Oceanogr., 39: 164-169.

            
  92.  N. Shashar, T. Feldstein, Y. Cohen and Y. Loya (1994). Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction)

         on a coral reef, Coral Reefs, 13: 171-174.
       
  96.  A. Abelson, Y. Loya (1995). Cross scale patterns of particulate-food acquisition in marine

         benthic environments. Amer. Natur., 145: 848-854.

  98.  A. Lotan, L. Fishman, Y. Loya and E. Zlotkin (1995). Delivery of nematocyst toxin.

       Nature, 375: 456-457.

100.   Y. Loya (1995). Development and protection of the Gulf of Aqaba. In: Practical Peacemaking

          in the Middle East. (Ed. by S. L. Spiegel and D. J. Pervin). Garland Publishing Inc. N.Y,

          and London. pp. 53-63.

            

101.  E. Kramarsky-Winter, Y. Loya (1996). Regeneration versus budding in Fungiid corals:

         a trade off, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 134:179-185.

102.  O. Mokady, B. Lazar and Y. Loya (1996). Echinoid Bioerosion as a major structuring

       force of Red Sea coral reefs. Biol. Bull. 190:367-372.

       
103.  A. Kushmaro, Y. Loya, M.Fine and E. Rosenberg (1996).Bacterial infection and coral bleaching

        Nature, 380: 396.

108.  A. Kushmaro, E. Rosenberg, M. Fine and Y. Loya (1997). Bleaching of the coral Oculina

        patagoniaby Vibrio AK-1. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.147:159-165.

       
110.  E. Kramarsky-Winter, M. Fine and Y. Loya (1997). Coral polyp expulsion.
        Nature, 387:137..

113. U. Oren, B. Rinkevich and Y. Loya (1997). Oriented intra-colonial transport of 14C labeled materials during coral regeneration.

       Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 161:117-

117. Mokady O., Y. Loya & B. Lazar (1998). Ammonium contribution by boring bivalves to their coral host :a mutualistic symbiosis?

         Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 169:295-301.

118.  Y. Shlesinger, T. L. Goulet & Y. Loya (1998). Reproductive patterns of scleractinian

       corals in the northern Red Sea. Mar. Biol. 132:691-701.

121. E. Kramarsky-Winter and Y. Loya(1998). Reproductive strategies of two fungiid corals from the northern Red Sea:

         Environmental constraints.  Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 174:175-182.

               
122.  U. Oren, I. Brickner and Y. Loya (1998). Prudent sessile feeding by the corallivore snail

        Coralliophila violacea on coral energy sinks.
        Proc. Roy. Soc .Biol. Sci., 265:2043-2050.

        
127.  L. Stone, A. Huppert, B. Rajagopalan and Y. Loya (1999). Mass coral reef bleaching:
a recent outcome of increased 

       El-Nino activity? Ecology Letters 2:325-330.
        
128.  A. Abelson, Y. Loya (1999). Competition in stony corals. Bull. Mar. Sci., 65:851-860.

133.  E. Kramarsky-Winter and Y. Loya (2000). Tissue regeneration in the coral Fungia granulosa: the effect of extrinsic and intrinsic

        factors. Mar. Biol. 137: 867-873.


136. Y. Loya, U. Oren (2000).Regeneration processes in scleractinian corals. Proceedings of
JAMSTEC International Coral  

      Reef Symposium: Coral reef biodiversity and health as indicators of environmental change, Tokyo Japan, pp. 155-174.

                       
137.  U. Oren, Y. Benayahu, H. Lubinevsky and Y. Loya (2001). Colony integration during

       regeneration in the stony coral Favia favus.
        Ecology, 82: 802-813.

             
138.  Y. Loya, K. Sakai, K. Yamazato, Y. Nakano, H. Sembali, and R. van Woesik (2001).

         Coral bleaching: the winners and the losers.

        Ecology Letters, 4:122-131.

        
139.  M. Fine, H. Zibrowius and Y. Loya (2001). Oculina patagonica : a non- lessepsian

       scleractinian coral invading the Mediterranean Sea.
        Mar. Biol. 138: 1195-1203.

       
142.  O. Choresh, E. Ron and Y. Loya (2001). The 60-kDa Heat Shock Protein
(HSP60)

       of the sea anemone Anemonia sulcata: a potential early warning system for

       monitoring environmental changes.

          Mar. Biotech. 3: 501-508.

      

           
147.  M. Fine, Y. Loya (2002). Endolithic algae and coral bleaching.
       Proc. Roy. Soc. of London - Biological Science, 269: 1205-1210.

150.  M. Fine, Y. Loya (2003). Alternate competitive superiority during coral bleaching.

       Mar. Biol. 142: 989-996.

151.  Y. Loya, E. Kramarsky-Winter (2003). In situ eutrophication caused by fish farms
in

       the northern Gulf of Eilat (Aqaba) is beneficial for its coral reefs: a critique.

        Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 261:299-303.

       
154.  Rosenfeld, A. Shemesh and Y. Loya (2003) Implication of water depth on stable isotope

       composition and skeletal and density banding. Coral Reefs, 22: 337-345.

       
157.  Y. Loya (2004). The coral reefs of Eilat- past, present and future: Three decades of

       coral community structure studies. In: Coral Reef Health and Disease; Rosenberg and Loya

         (Eds). Springer-Verlag; Berlin Heidelberg, New York. pp. 1-34.

         
162.  Y. Loya, H. Lubinevsky, M. Rosenfeld and E. Kramarsky-Winter (2004). Nutrient enrichment

       caused by in situ fish-farms is detrimental to coral reproduction.

        Mar. Pollut. Bull. 49: 344-353

       
164.  Y. Loya, M. Rosenfeld and E. Kramarsky-Winter (2005).

         Nutrient enrichment and coral reproduction:  empty vessels make the most sound

        (response to a critique by B. Rinkevich).

           Mar. Pollut. Bull. 50: 114-118

      
165.  Y. Nozawa, Y. Loya (2005). Genetic relationship and maturity state of the
allorecognition

       system affect contact reactions in juvenile scleractinian corals.

        Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 286:115-123

      
167.  N. Shenkar, M. Fine and Y. Loya (2005). Size matters: - bleaching dynamics of the coral

       Oculina patagonica.

         Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 294: 181-188.

169.  D. Kelman, Y. Kashman, E. Rosenberg, A. Kushmaro and Y. Loya (2006).Antimicrobial activity

       of Red Sea coralsMar. Biol. 149: 357–363

       
170. I. Brickner, U. Frank, U. Oren, and Y. Loya (2006). Energy integration between
the solitary

      polyps of the clonal coral Lobophyllia corymbosa.
      Jour. of Exp. Biol.
209: 1690-1695

      
171.  N. Shenkar, M. Fine, E. K. Winter and Y. Loya (2006). Population dynamics of zooxanthellae

       during a bacterial bleaching event. Coral Reefs, 25: 223–227
        
172.  M. Rosenfeld, A. Shemesh R. Yam and Y. Loya (2006). 18O record of Porites spp. corals

       during the 1998-bleaching event in Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Japan.
        Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 314: 127–133
                                               

       


CV

                

                     Academic and Professional experience

Year
Institute
Department
Title
1997-present


Tel Aviv University

The Raynor Chair for Environmental
Conservation Research.

 

Chair

1995,1997
1999, 2004
(summers)

University of the Ryukyus,
Okinawa, Japan

Sesoko Tropical Biosphere

Research Center

Visiting Professor

1995-2000


Tel Aviv University
The Porter Super-Center for Ecological and Environmental Studies

Director

1990-1995
Tel Aviv University
Faculty of Life Sciences
Dean
1988-1989
Tel Aviv University
Zoology
Chairman
1986-present
Tel Aviv University
Zoology
Full Professor
1980-1986
Tel Aviv University
Zoology
Associate Professor
1985-1986

Scripps Inst. of Oceanography

La Jolla, San Diego USA

Ecology
Visiting Professor
1982-1985
“Coral Reefs” Journal Springer-Verlag
Biology
Editor
(Biology section)

1979-1980

Australian Institute of Marine Sciences (AIMS) and James Cook University, Australia

 

Marine Ecology

Visiting Professor
(Senior Queen Elizabeth Fellow)
1976-1980
Tel Aviv University
Zoology
Senior lecturer
1972-1976
Tel Aviv University
Zoology
Lecturer
1971-1972
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, Mass.
Ecology
Post-doctorate
1968-1971

State University of New York at Stony Brook,

L.I., N.Y.

Ecology
Senior teaching
assistant
1967-1968

Univ. of Michigan,

Ann Arbor

Zoology
Teaching assistant
1965-1967
Tel Aviv University
Zoology
Teaching assistant

  International committees, advisory and administrative duties

 

  2004-present
Member Central Nomination Committee Tel Aviv University
2001-present
   Co - Chairman  

International Targeted Working Group on "indicators of coral

bleaching " under the auspices of GEF and the World Bank .

2000-2005
Member
The Scientific Review Board- Coral bleaching Project,
Research Institute for the Subtropics (RSI), Okinawa, Japan.
2000-present
Member
The Board of Directors, IUI, Eilat
2000-2004
Member
Academic Planning Committee, Tel Aviv University
1996-1999
Chairman
The Board of Directors, Inter-University Institute
of Marine Science (IUI), Eilat
1997-1999
Advisor
Israel Science Foundation (Ecology committee).
1996-1999
Advisor
Israeli Ministry of Science (Germany-Israel Marine Biology Program)
1993-2000
Chairman
Israeli Man and the Biosphere Committee. (MAB)- UNESCO
1990-2002
Member
Board of Trustees, Tel Aviv University
1990-1995
Member
Board of Governors, Tel Aviv University
1990-1995
Member
Central Committee, Tel Aviv University
1990-1995
Dean
Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University
1992
Head
The Israeli Scientific Delegation to the UN Conference on
Environmental Development (UNCED) Rio-de Janeiro, Brazil.
1986-1992
Member
The Scientific Review Board, Oil Spill Project-
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI, Panama)
1982-1985
Editor-in-Chief
“Coral Reefs”, Springer-Verlag, (Biology Section)
1982-1992
Council Member
International Society for Reef Studies (ISRS).

 

1978-1992

 

Member

International Association of Biological Oceanography (IABO)

organizing the following coral reef symposia:
-3d International Symposium on Coral Reefs: Miami, Florida, 1977
-4th International Symposium on Coral Reefs: Philippines, May 1981.
-5th International Symposium on Coral Reefs: Tahiti, June l985.
-6th International Symposium on Coral Reefs: Australia, August l988.
-7th International Symposium on Coral Reefs: Guam, June l992.

1978-1990
Member
Scientific advisory board for the Nature Protection
Authority, Israel
1986-1988
Advisor
Israel National Academy of Science Foundation.
1979-present

 

Member

The editorial board of the journals:
Marine Ecology Progress Series(MEPS,1979-1984);
Marine Biology (1986-1990); Marine pollution Bulletin (2002-present)
1977-1979
Chairman
The Zoological Society of Israel.
1971-1973

Member

Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR, UNESCO),
Working group on: “Quantitative studies on coral reefs”

                                          

                                           Prizes

 

2000

 

   The Darwin Medal

         (awarded every 4 years)

Awarded by the International Society for Reef Studies (ISRS) for life contribution to coral reef research.

Awarded during the 9th International coral Reef Symposium Bali, Indonesia.

2003

The Landau Prize

(together with Eugene Rosenberg, Tel Aviv University)

Awarded by Mifaal Hapais in the category of Life Sciences for original outstanding research contributionto the field of Ecology and Environmental Quality.

                                                  Awards

     2006  

2004- 2008

Israel Science Foundation (ISF): "The isotopic composition of Eilat's corals:

basic aspects of signals buildup and tracing anthropogenic stress.

(Co-PI in collaboration with A. Shemesh, the Weizman Institute).

2004- 2007

The Porter School of Environmental Studies in collaboration with the Italian Ministry

of the Environment: "Artificial Marine Structures (AMS): Multifunctional Tool for Research and Environmental Management in the Mediterranean and Red Sea (MED- RED)".

(PI in collaboration with Y. Benayahu and A. Abelson).

2003- 2007

Israel Science Foundation (ISF): “An integrative approach of studying bacterial coral bleaching in the coral reefs of Eilat". (in collaboration with E. Rosenberg).

 

2005- 2010

GEF/The World Bank/UNESCO/IOC : International Targeted Working Group of experts on "indicators of coral bleaching". Co-Chairman with Professor Ove Hoegh Guldberg (Chairman) of the group, including 15 scientists from USA, England, Australia, Kenya, Israel, and Mexico.The group meets annually and works together 2-3 weeks

at 4 reef sites: Heron Island (Great Barrier Reef, Australia), Puerto Morelos (Mexico), Philippines and Zanzibar.

2002-2006

Israel Science Foundation (ISF):
“Alternative feeding mechanism in corals: bacterial aggregate “gardening”.
(in collaboration with A. Kushmaro, Ben Gurion Univ.)
1999-2003

MERC-Bi-national Research and Monitoring Program (Israel -Jordan) for

the Red Sea Marine Peace Park, Aqaba, Jordan

1998-2002

Israeli Ministry of Science: “Establishment of a National Infrastructure
Laboratory: Center for High Throughput Screening (HTS) for Novel Bioactive Compounds at Tel Aviv University”-

(Director and Coordinator of a research project involving 22 scientists

from 6 academic and research institutions in Israel).

1998-2002

Israeli Ministry of Science:
Novel Bioactive Compounds from Marine Invertebrates and their symbionts
(in collaboration with Dr. M. Ilan, TAU).

1995-1999

The German Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Technology
(B.M.B.F.):- Red Sea Program-"Scleractinian corals as environmental

recorders of the Red Sea”.

1996-1999

U.S.-Israel Bi-National Science Foundation (BSF):
“Coral bleaching by bacteria”.(In collaboration with E. Rosenberg, TAU).
1996-1999
Israel Science Foundation (ISF):
”Bioerosion of coral reefs a multidisciplinary approach”.
(in collaboration with B. Lazar, the Hebrew University)

1993-1996

The German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and

Development (G.I.F): “Patterns of stable isotope fractionation during mineralizationprocesses in corals: Environmental implications”.

1992-1995
Israel Academy of Sciences-Basic Research Foundation:
“Bioerosion of coral reefs by sponges, sea-urchins and bivalves”.

1991-1995

US National Institute of Health (NIH):
“Novel natural products from the sea as potential anti-AIDS drugs”.-
(in collaboration with Prof. Y. Kashman, School of Chemistry
and Prof. A. Hizi, Medical School, TAU).
1991-1994
Office of Environmental Quality:
“Medusa blooms in the Mediterranean Sea: Ecological aspects”.
1990-1993
National Coal Company: “Effects of coal pollution on coral reefs”.
1990-1992

FAO Mediterranean Action Plan (MED POL) - “Swarming of jellyfish

along the Mediterranean Coast of Israel: An environmental approach”.

1989-1992

National Council for Research and Development -

Joint German-Israeli Program: “A new method to assess

indicators of environmental stress and possible stabilization or

degradation of toxicants in coral reefs”.

1988-1990

Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Sea Pharm Project:
“Bioactive materials derived from soft corals and sponges from the

Red Sea”. (in collaboration with Prof. Y. Kashman, TAU).

1986-1989
U.S.-Israel Bi-national Science Foundation (BSF):
“Larval ecology of boring bivalves in living corals”.
1984-1987
Israeli Academy of Sciences- Basic Research Foundation:
“Reproductive strategies of Red Sea scleractinian corals”.
1984-1987
The Society for Nature Protection: “Massive predation of
scleractinian corals at Eilat caused by a predatory gastropod”.
1984-1985
The Fund for Basic Research, Tel Aviv University:
“Ecology of boring bivalves in living stony corals”.
1980-1983
U.S.-Israel Bi-national Science Foundation (BSF):
“Isolation and identification of New Marine Natural Products”.
(in collaboration with Prof. Y. Kashman, TAU).

1980-1982

Israeli Academy of Sciences- Basic Research Foundation:
“The variation in the chemical composition of soft-corals and

sponges as a function of the place of collection”.

(in collaboration with Prof. Y. Kashman,TAU).

1979-1980
Senior Queen Elizabeth Fellowship:
Australian Institute of Marine Science, Cape Ferguson, Australia.
1976-1979
Ministry for Commerce and Industry:
“Biologically active products from marine organisms”.
(in collaboration with Prof. Y. Kashman, Tel- Aviv University).
1975
National Council for Research and Development:
“Experiments on the effect of oil pollution on hermatypic corals”.
1974-1976
U.S.-Israel Bi-National Science Foundation:(BSF):
“Growth and development of reef corals.”
1974
National Council for Research and Development:
“The effect of pollutants on coral reef communities”.
1973
NOAA - Manned Undersea Science and Technology Program:
“External distribution of energy fixed by reef corals at Puerto-Rico”.
Two weeks underwater expedition using underwater laboratory-PRINUL
(in collaboration with Professors. S. Richman and Dr. L. McCloskey).

                                    

                         Membership in professional societies
                                                Ecological Society of Israel
                                                 Zoological Society of Israel
                                                 Ecological Society of America
                                              Western Society of Naturalists
                                       International Society for Reef Studies

           ACTIVE PARTICIPATION IN SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS

                

Year                                                 Meeting

2006

2006 ISRS (International Society for Reef Studies) European Meeting Bremen,

Germany Sept 19-22
Lecture: Net pen fish farming and coral reefs: An unhappy marriage.

2006 Palau Coral reef workshop, Koror 25.6. - 8.7.
Lecture: Fish net pen mariculture and the coral reefs of Eilat: a sad story.
2006

ARC Centre of Excellence- first scientific annual board meeting,

February 17-20, Townsville, Australia.

2006

IOC-GEF/World Bank working group on coral bleaching Workshop,

7-11 April  Paris .

2005

World Bank/ UNESCO/IOC-GEF International targeted Group of Experts fourth

workshop on indicators of coral bleaching, 10-29 May, Puerto Morelos , Mexico.

2005

Peer Review of the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,

13-16 April, Ravenna , Italy .

2005

Ilanit Congress of the Federation of the Israel Societies for Experimental Biology

(FISEB ) February 7-10 Eilat.

Invited Plenary Lecture: The Coral Reefs of Eilat: Three decades of coral community

structure studies.

2005

The World Bank/ /IOC-GEF International targeted Group of Experts third   

workshop on indicators of coral bleaching; 8-16 January, Puerto Morelos, Mexico .

2004

IOC-GEF/World Bank working group on coral bleaching Workshop,

19-22  October, Washington DC

2004

Census of Marine Life (Coml) Coral Reef Initiative Working Group:

Quantitative   methodologies for assessing coral community bleaching ,

14-16 October Washington DC

2004

The 10 th International Coral Reef Symposium , Okinawa , Japan .

Lecture: How to kill a coral reef?

2003

International Coral Ecotoxicology and Health Workshop: Bermuda Biological
Station for Research
Invited lecture: The coral reefs of Eilat -- past, present and future: Three

decades of coral community structure studies

2003

The Red Sea Marine Peace Park International Symposium Integration of Marine Science                 and resource Management Aqaba 2-4 December 2003

2003
Workshop on “Coral Health and Diseases”, Eilat, Israel.
Invited lecture: The coral reefs of Eilat: 35 years of monitoring their coral
community structure
2003
Marine Molecular Biotechnology and Biodiversity Meeting; Wendelsheim, Germany.
Plenary lecture: Biodiversity of the Red Sea coral reefs: A unique source for new natural products.
2003

 The World Bank/UNESCO/IOC International Working Group on indicators of

coral bleaching:- Workshop on Coral Bleaching: Biological Early Warning Systems,

Paris, France.

2003
International Review Board Meeting of the Coral Bleaching Project.
Research Institute of the Subtropics (RIS), Tokyo, Japan.
2002
The World Bank/UNESCO/IOC International Targeted Group of Experts
on "indicators of coral bleaching".
Second Field-Workshop of the Working Group, Puerto Morelos, Mexico.
2002

Workshop on “Biological considerations associated with current geochemical
approaches using stony corals as proxies for the reconstruction of different aspects

of past climates” Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Cape Cod, Mass.
Invited lecture: “Using stony corals as proxies for the reconstruction of Red

Sea past climates”.

2002
Sixth EU Framework Programme of the European Community for research
technological development and demonstration activities; Network of Excellence-
Marine Molecular Biotechnology.
Invited lecture: Bioactive Compounds from Red Sea Marine Organisms.
2002
The World Bank/UNESCO/IOC International Targeted Group of Experts on
"indicators of coral bleaching". First Field-Workshop of the Working Group;
Heron Island, The Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
2002
The International Society of Reef Studies European Coral Reef Meeting;
Cambridge, England
Lecture: Bleaching of Mediterranean corals is caused by a bacterial pathogen
2001

The World Bank/UNESCO/IOC Workshop on Indicators of Coral Stress, Paris, France.

Initiation of the International Working Group of Experts.
Lecture: Coral bleaching: the winners and the losers..

2000
The 9th International Coral Reef Symposium, Bali, Indonesia. Awarded the
Darwin Medal (Year 2000) for life time contribution to coral reef research.
Plenary lecture: Homage to Stylophora pistillata: a significant coral species
in reef research.
1999

Japan Marine Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) International Coral reef
Symposium- Coral reef biodiversity and health as indicators of environmental change,                  Tokyo, Japan.             
                                                                                                                Invited lecture: Regeneration processes in scleractinian corals.

1998
The Third Euro-MAB Biosphere Reserves Coordinators’ Meeting, Ilomantsi, Finland.
Lecture: The Red Sea Peace Park as a Trans-boundary Marine Biosphere Reserve.
1998
Expert workshop on coral bleaching: Convention on Biological Diversity
Manila, Philippines.
Invited lecture: Devastating Coral bleaching in Okinawa, Japan.
1998
The Third EuroMab Biosphere Reserves Coordinators’ Meeting Ilomantsi, Finland.
Lecture: The Red Sea Peace Park as a Trans-boundary Marine Biosphere Reserve.
1998

Hawaii Coral Reef Monitoring Workshop-A Tool for Management. Univ. of Hawaii
Plenary lecture: The Red Sea Peace Park Coral Reefs Benthic Communities: Ecology

and Biology Monitoring Program.

1998
Meeting of the Red Sea Program of Marine Sciences, Bremen, Germany.
Lecture: Scleractinian corals as environmental recorders of global change.
1998
Annual meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology; Boston, USA.
Lecture: Bleaching of corals caused by bacteria.
1997
Workshop of the Bi-national Research and Monitoring Program (Israel –Jordan)-
(MERC) for the Red Sea Marine Peace Park:–Discussion Leader.
Aqaba, Jordan.
1997
Biotic recoveries from mass extinctions; Panel member.
Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
1996
Eighth International Coral Reef Symposium, Panama City, Panama.
Lecture: Predation of corals by the predatory snail Drupella cornus.
1995

18th Pacific Science Congress: Population, Resources and Environment Prospects;

Beijing, China.
Lecture: Stony corals as environmental recorders.

1995
International Coral Reef Initiative Workshop; Dumaguete City, Philippines.
Israeli representative discussing quantitative methods for monitoring coral reefs.
1995
Conference of the Red Sea Program (RSP) on Marine Sciences, Dahab, Egypt.
Lecture: The use of scleractinian corals as environmental recorders of the Red Sea.
1995
UNESCO 28th General Meeting:-Scientific Representative of the Israeli delegation
proposing to declare the Gulf of Aqaba (Eilat) as a Biosphere Reserve.
1993

Conference on Global Aspects of Coral Reefs: Health, Hazards and History,

Univ. of Miami, USA.
Plenary lecture: Long-term changes in coral community structure at Eilat, Red Sea

1993
Conference on Middle East Multilateral Talks, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
Invited lecture: Development and protection of the Gulf of Aqaba.
1992
International Symposium on Biodiversity and Adaptive Strategies of Coral Reef
Organisms, Okinawa, Japan.
Plenary lecture: Massive predation of scleractinian corals at Eilat caused by the
predatory gastropod Drupella cornus.
1992

Status seminar of the German-Israeli Co-operation in Environmental Research;
Ploen, Germany.
Lecture: A new method to assess indicators of environmental stress and possible

stabilization of toxicants in the environment.

1992
Seventh International Coral Reef Symposium, Guam,
Lectures: l. Settlement, metamorphosis and bioerosion rate of the boring bivalve
                 Lithophaga lessepsiana.
              2. Depth-dependent timing of density band formation in scleractinian corals
                  at the coral reefs of Eilat, Red Sea, Israel.
1991

Workshop on oil pollution effects on the coral reefs of Panama; Meeting of Scientific

Review Board, Phase 3.
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama

1990

Workshop on coral bleaching, Coral Reef Ecosystems and Global Climate Change.
Miami, Florida.
Invited lecture: Climate change in Sinai Desert during the late Quaternary inferred

from fluorescent bands in fossil corals.

1991

Fifth International Congress of Ecology, Yokohama, Japan.
Invited lecture: Coral host specificity between the date mussel Lithophaga lessepsiana

and the coral Stylophora pistillata.

1989

Workshop on the oil pollution effects on the coral reefs of Panama; Meeting of the

Scientific Review Board, Phase 2.
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama

1989
Annual meeting of the International Society for Reef Studies, Marseilles, France.
Invited lecture: Bioerosion of coral reefs.
1989
Fifth International Congress of Invertebrate Reproduction, Nagoya, Japan.
Lecture: Resource allocation between growth and reproduction in corals and
boring bivalves.
1989
Fifth International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, Southampton, England.
Lecture: Larval and postlarval recruitment in the broadcasting scleractinians
Favia favus and Platygyra lamellina.
1988
Workshop on the long term assessment of the oil-spill at Bahia Las Minas, Panama.
Washington, DC., USA.
1988
Sixth International Coral Reef Symposium, Townsville, Australia.
Lecture: First sclerochronological record of hermatypic corals from the Red Sea.
1987

Regional Research Workshop and International Symposium on the Conservation

and Management of Coral Reef and Mangrove Ecosystems, Okinawa, Japan.
Invited lecture: Effects of man-made versus natural disturbances on coral reefs.

1987

Workshop on oil pollution effects on the coral reefs of Panama; Meeting of

Scientific Review Board, Phase 1.
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama.

1987
Twenty-second European Marine Biology Symposium, Barcelona, Spain.
Plenary lecture: Pollution effects of coral reef communities.
1986

The Woods Hole Research Center: Conference on Biotic Impoverishment,
Woods Hole, USA.
Plenary lecture: Changes in a Red Sea coral community under chronic oil pollution:

A long-term case history study.

1985
Western Society of Naturalists Annual Meeting, Monterey, USA.
Lecture: Sexual reproduction in reef corals: Red Sea versus the Great Barrier Reef.
1985
Fifth International Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti.
Invited lecture: Seasonal changes in growth rate of a Red Sea coral population.
1983
Second Conference of the International Society of Reef Studies, Nice, France.
Plenary lecture: Reproductive patterns of Red Sea corals.
1983

International Helgoland Symposium: “Diseases of Marine Organisms”.

Biologisch Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany F.R.
Invited lecture: Tumor formations in scleractinian corals.

1983
Great Barrier Reef Conference. James Cook University and the
Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, Australia.
Plenary lecture: Community structure and life history strategies of scleractinian corals.
1982

Workshop on Evolution and Maintenance of Modern Coral Distributions.
Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia.
Invited lecture: Reproductive cycle of Stylophora pistillata in the Great Barrier

Reef and the Red Sea.

1982

International Conference on Marine Science in the Red Sea. Al-Ghardaqa

Marine Biological Station, Egypt.
Lecture: Seasonal changes in growth rates of a Red Sea coral population.

1981

U.S. National Academy of Sciences - Update workshop on: “Oil in the sea: Inputs,

Fates and Effects”.
Invited referee in the section of Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons on Coral Reefs.
Clearwater, Florida, USA.

1981
Fourth International Coral Reef Symposium, Manila, Philippines.
Lecture: Life history strategies of boring bivalves in corals
1980

Second International Symposium on Biology and Management of Mangroves and

Tropical Shallow Water Communities. The Western Society of Naturalists and the

University of Papua New Guinea. Port Moresby, Madang, Papua New Guinea.
Plenary lecture: Competition for space among coral reef sessile organisms.

1980

UNESCO workshop on Marine and Coastal Processes in the Pacific: Ecological

aspects of coastal zone management;
Mutupore Island Research Centre, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
Panel leader: Degradation of the environment.

1979
Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) Workshop on Coral Reefs;
Cape Ferguson, Townsville, Australia
Lecture: Life history strategy of a Red Sea coral population.
1978
Second International Congress of Ecology, Jerusalem.
1978

Tenth International Congress of Sedimentology, Jerusalem.
Field leader: “Pleistocene and Recent coral reefs and coastal sedimentation in

the Gulf of Eilat”.

1977

Third International Coral Reef Symposium, Univ. of Miami, Florida.
Lectures:
   1. Seasonal occurrence of benthic-algae communities and grazing regulation by

       seaurchins at the coral reefs of Eilat, Red Sea.
   2. Harmful effects of chronic oil pollution on a Red Sea scleractinian coral population.

1976

International Helgoland Symposium: Ecosystem Research. Biologische Anstalt

Helgoland - Helgoland, Germany F.R.
Invited lecture: Quantitative characteristics of community structure of stony corals,

soft corals and algae in the northern Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea.

1976
Third International Symposium on Coelenterate Biology, Victoria, B.C., Canada.
Lecture: Settlement, mortality and recruitment in a Red Sea scleractinian coral population.
1973

Second International Symposium on Coral Reefs, The Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
Plenary lecture: On the possible use of plotless methods for quantitative studies of

benthic communities of coral reefs.

1971
The Penrose Conference on Marine Ecology and Pale ecology, Monterey, California.
Lecture: Community structure and species diversity of hermatypic corals.
1970

Symposium of Regional Variation of Indian Ocean Coral Reefs. The Royal Society and

Zoological Society of London, London.
Invited lecture: The coral reefs of Eilat, Red Sea.







My Theme

                                 Cover page publications

                  (See list of publications for corresponding publication number)

    

                             64                                                                            110                                                                   138   

     

                                142                                                                           147                                                                    149                   

      

                                                                                                        Current Projects                                       

            1. Bacterial infection causes coral bleaching: The effect of the pathogenic bacteria

                Vibrio shiloi on Mediterranean coral populations (in collaboration with E. Rosenberg)   

                                        Oculina patagonica

         Healthy                             Bleached  

 

                           2. Effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on coral  reef communities:

                           Diseases in corals (in collaboration with E. Rosenberg )

 

                           3. Biologically active materials derived from coral-reef organisms in search for new drugs

                               (in collaboration with Y. Kashman and M. Ilan, TAU)

                                              4. Life history strategies of reef corals: Reproductive strategies

                              5. Global climatic changes and its effect on biodiversity of coral reef communities:

                                  World Bank / UNESCO Project on the consequences of Coral Bleaching in the

                                   Great Barrier Reef ( Australia ) , Zanzibar, Philippines & Mexico

 

                          6. The use of contemporary corals in predictive models concerned with global

                              climate change ( Ph.D. thesis of M. Rosenfeld in collaboration with A. Shemesh)

                  Stony corals have growth rings. Every two rings comprise one year of growth, which may

                  be only a few mm in length. Corals may be used as environmental “tape recorders” recording

                  in their carbonate skeleton (through oxygen and carbon isotope fractionation) changes in

                  water temperatures, occurrence of various pollutants and other environmental stressors.

                  Porites colonies were stained with Alizarin red-S and then reciprocally transferred between

                 6 and 40m in February 1991 and were inspected 10 years later in February 2001.This

                 provided us with the unique opportunity to maintain the coral’s genetic integrity and hence to

                 isolate environmental factors affecting skeletal isotopic composition and density patterns.

 

   Conservation Ecology of Coral-Reefs

            In : Coral Reef Health and Disease ; E. Rosenberg and Y. Loya (Eds).

                  Springer- Verlag; Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. pp. 1-34, 2004

               Effects of fish farm nutrient pollution on the

               coral reefs of Eilat

 

          Deterioration in water quality due to eutrophication adversely affects coral reef community

          structure by promoting algal growth and turbidity, reducing light necessary for coral growth,

          adversely affecting reproduction and has also been associated with increased bioerosion and

          epizootics. During the last 10 years, the yield of the fish farm industry in Eilat has grown

          exponentially from 300 tons/yr in 1993 to 2700 tons/yr in 2004. Cultured fish fed by 4500

          tons/year “fish pellets” result in nutrient pollution (eutrophication), of the water column by

          300 tons of Nitrogen and 50 tons of Phosphate annually.

 

 

 

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