Israel Cosmic Ray Center

affiliated to Tel Aviv University,

Technion and Israel Space Agency

operating the Israel-Italian

Emilio Segre’ Observatory,

National Space Weather Center

and World Data Center for Cosmic Rays

Annual Report No 5/2002

Prof. Lev I. DORMAN,

Head of Israel Cosmic Ray Center

and Emilio Segre’ Observatory

Qazrin, 2002

1. THE AIMS OF THE PROJECT FOR THE FIFTH YEAR (FEBRUARY 2002-JANUARY 2003)

The aims of the Project for the fifth year (February 2002-January 2003) are as follows:

· Development of the Emilio Segre’ Cosmic Ray Observatory.

· Development of the ICRC Laboratory in Qazrin.

· To provide continue connection between the Emilio Segre’ Cosmic Ray Observatory and our Computer in MIGAL (Kiryat Shmona), and between MIGAL and the ICRC Laboratory at Qazrin.

· To provide the serving of our site in Internet of the Israel Cosmic Ray Center and Emilio Segre’ Cosmic Ray Observatory.

· Continue the research program in Cosmic Ray Astrophysics and Geophysics, participation in International Conferences and Symposia.

· Continue the establishment of collaboration with other Cosmic Ray Observatories and data exchange in real time scale.

· Development of the analytical methods of forecasting anomalous Cosmic Radiation events, representing changes in the Interplanetary and Near-Earth environment. Such events could possibly be harmful to space-probes, to earth orbiting equipment, to air-travel, to electromagnetic communications and perhaps even to living beings on Earth. Phenomena which might indicate such developments include, for example, large solar flares, the impacting of energetic particles and Forbush-decreases connected with large geomagnetic disturbances. The network of observatories providing such early-warning services will form the “International Cosmic Ray Service”.

· On the basis of facilities what we have in Israel Cosmic Ray Center and Emilio Segre' Observatory to found National Space Weather Center for monitoring and forecasting of space dangerous phenomena by using on-line cosmic ray data (for this is necessary to construct in near future multidirectional muon telescope and extended cooperation with world network cosmic ray observatories whose on-line data in real time scale are available.

2. THE STAFF OF ICRC AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE LABORATORY IN QAZRIN; FOUNDATION OF NATIONAL SPACE WEATHER CENTER

· The Israel Cosmic Ray Center was established in 1998, with affiliations to Tel Aviv University, to the Technion (Israel Institute of Technology) and to the Israel Space Agency (under the aegis of the Ministry of Science). The staff of the Israel Cosmic Ray Center is now as follows: 1. Prof. L.I. DORMAN - principal investigator, head of the Center and Observatory; 2. Dr. L.A. PUSTIL¢NIK - researcher, 3. Dr. I.G. ZUKERMAN - researcher. From October 2002 our staff is extended: it was included Dr. G. Bella, Head of Project “National Space Weather Center” (Principal Investigator – Prof. L.I. Dorman)

· In 2002 the Laboratory was equipped with additional computers. The local network worked well with a sufficient increase of the existing capacities of the memory and hard discs.

· In 2002 we effectively used the direct connection in real time of the Emilio Segre’ Observatory with our Laboratory in Qazrin and with Internet (updated each one minute, see Appendix 1, contained the scheme of ESO working and connection with Central Laboratory in Qazrion and with Internet, title list of our web-site and example of real-time data imige and alert of beginning great Flare Energetic Particle event).

· Our Proposal on foundation of National Space Weather Center in Israel was accepted at this autumn by the Ministry of Science, Culture and Sport).

· For effective work of National Space Weather Center (in the frame of ICRC and ESO) for monitoring and forecasting of space dangerous phenomena by using on-line cosmic ray data we start to prepare special underground building and scintillators (in cooperation with University of New Mexico, USA) for constructing in near future a great multidirectional muon telescope with EAS array (the short description is given in the Appendix 2, contained the Proposal on foundation of National Space Weather Center in Israel).

3. CONTINUE OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ISRAEL-ITALIAN EMILIO SEGRE’ OBSERVATORY

· In 2002 we continued to operate the Cosmic Ray Neutron Monitor in the Israel-Italy Emilio Segre’ Observatory (33°18.3¢N, 35°47.2¢E, 2020 m above sea level, cut-off rigidity for vertical direction Rc=10.8 GV). This Monitor works continuously and gives data for each minute in real time scale information on the counting rate of total neutron intensities and of the specific intensities for neutron multiplicities ³1, ³2, ³3, ³4, ³5, ³6, ³7 and ³8.

· The results of measurements – data taken at one minute intervals -- of cosmic ray neutron intensities at two separate sites, as well as similar one-minute data about the intensities relating to neutron multiplicities ³1, ³2, ³3, ³4, ³5, ³6, ³7 and ³8 – all of this data has been computer-stored. Similar one-minute data relating to the atmospheric electric field, wind speed, air temperature and pressure outside the Observatory, as well as temperature and humidity inside the Cosmic Ray Observatory – have also been recorded.

· Each month one-hour data of the Emilio Segre’ Observatory (short title ESO) is regularly sent to the World Data Center in Boulder (USA, Colorado) and to many Cosmic Ray Observatories in the world.

· An automated electric power supply system, based on UPS and Diesel-generator, established in 1999, continued to work well in 2002.

·A direct, "real time" connection has been set of the Emilio Segre’ Observatory through MIGAL with the Central Laboratory in Qazrin and Internet (updated each 1 minute).

4. DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD DATA CENTER FOR COSMIC RAYS

· We prepared a full Catalog of the archive of the World Data Center for Cosmic Rays which was transferred from Sweden to Israel.

· This full Catalog was sent to the World Data Centers in Boulder (USA, Colorado), in Russia (Moscow), and in Japan (Nagoya), and to several Cosmic Ray Observatories.

· Now this Catalog is updated to our set in Internet and can be used free with anybody.

5. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COLLABORATIONS WITH OTHER COSMIC RAY OBSERVATORIES AND DATA EXCHANGE IN REAL TIME

· In the first year of our Project a close scientific collaboration for 5 years was established with the Rome Cosmic Ray Observatory (headed by Prof. N. Iucci from “Roma Tre” University and Dr. G. Villoresi from IFSI-CNR) and with the group of Cosmic Ray Observatories located at Mt. Haleakala, Mt. Climax, and Mt. Huancayo, leaded by the University of Chicago and was headed by Prof. J.A. Simpson.

· Now a close scientific collaboration was established also with Moscow Cosmic Ray Observatory headed by Dr. V.G. Yanke and Dr. A.V. Belov, with Apatiti Cosmic Ray Observatory headed by Dr. E.V. Vashenyuk, with St. Petersburg Cosmic Ray Group leaded by Prof. M.I. Tyasto (responsible for computer calculations of cosmic ray trajectories in the real geomagnetic field), with Erevan Cosmic Ray Group leaded by Prof. A. Chilingarian and Dr. V. Kh. Babayan and maintains two neutron monitors on Mt. Norambert (2000 m) and Mt. Aragaz (3250 m) in Armenia, with Mexico Cosmic Ray Observatory (2300 m, Rc=8.2 GV) leaded by Prof. J.F. Valdes-Galicia, with Lomnicky Stit Cosmic Ray Observatory in Slovakia (2634 m, Rc=3.9 GV) leaded by Dr. K. Kudela, with Oulu Cosmic Ray Observatory in Finland leaded by Prof. Pekka. Tanskanen and Prof. Kalevi Mursula (now leaded by Dr. Y. Usoskin), with the Athens neutron monitor group, leaded by Dr. Helena Mavromichulaki (Greece), with the Cosmic Ray group of Australian Antarctic Division leaded by Dr. M. Duldig and operated neutron super-monitors and muon telescopes in Hobart and in Antarctica (Hobart, Australia), and with the Cosmic Ray group of the Institute of Ionosphere in Kazakhstan leaded by Dr. O. Kryakunova and operated neutron super-monitor on Mt. Tyan-Shan (3400 m, Rc=6.6 GV).

· In August 2002 the important Collaborations with Italy were reestablished for the next 10 years (up to 2012) with Cosmic Ray groups of IFSI-CNR (headed by Dr. Marisa Storini) and of Roma Tre University (headed by Prof. Mario Parisi).

6. PARTICIPATION IN THE INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS

In 2002 we continue to take part in the International Project INTAS-810: “Improvement of methods of control and prognosis of periods of dangerous influence of space weather on satellite’s electronics” in collaboration with Italy, Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan. Results of this research was reported on EGS2002 and COSPAR2002.

7. RESEARCH ACTIVITY IN COSMIC RAY ASTROPHYSICS AND GEOPHYSICS, PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES AND SYMPOSIA, SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS

· Our research activity in the fifth year of our Project was concentrated mainly on following problems:

A. Development of methods of forecasting space dangerous phenomena, using cosmic ray data.

B. Investigation of gamma ray generation in solar and stellar winds.

C. Investigation of cosmic rays - solar activity hysteresis phenomenon in the Heliosphere; application of obtained results for determining of cosmic ray intensity in the past and forecast for few years ahead.

D. Investigation of solar wind and cosmic ray nonlinear processes.

E. Investigation of cosmic ray anisotropies and nonlinear processes.

F. Calculation of coupling (response) functions for neutron monitors.

G. Investigation of atmospheric electric field effect in cosmic rays.

H. Investigation of solar neutron propagation and “refraction” effect.

I. Solar magnetic fields and solar neutrino problem, physics of solar interior and spin-flavor precession.

J. Investigation of cosmic ray meteorological effects on the basis of our experimental data.

K. Investigation of the pre-flare manifestations in the solar radio emission before solar flares.

L. Development of the percolation model of solar flare origin and solar cosmic ray acceleration processes.

In 2002 we prepared papers for oral and poster presentation, and take part in:

1. Neutrino and Weak Interactions Symposium (New Zeeland, January 2002)

2. Seminar in Hobart University (Australia, January 2002, lectures “Space Weather and Cosmic Rays”, “Cosmic rays and Thunderstorms”)

3. EGS 2002 General Assembly (France, Nice, April 2002),

4. The INTAS-810 Workshop No. 1 (Rome, April 2002)

5. Workshop on Space Weather and Cosmic Rays, Nagoya (Japan), June 2002

6. Symposium on Astroparticle and Plasma Physics (Germany, June 2002).

7. Intern. Conference “Solar Wind 10” (Italy, June 2002).

8. The INTAS-810 Workshop No. 2 (Moscow, July 2002)

9. International NATO School Daniel Chalonge (lectures “Space Weather and Cosmic Rays”), Palermo, September 2002.

10. The 2-nd World Space Congress and COSPAR Symposium, Houston, October 2002.

· Lev Pustil’nik gave invited report on the Astrophysics Seminar in Tel Aviv University: “Radio-manifestations of solar flare precursors”.

· Our research activity in the fifth year of our Project is reflected in one monograph (submitted for publication), and 70 papers and reports, among them 11 papers are published in refereed Journals and refereed Proceedings, 12 papers are submitted in refereed Journals and refereed Proceedings and are accepted for publication, 21 papers are submitted in refereed Journals and refereed Proceedings, 26 papers were only reported and will be not published. Below in Section 7 is given the list of scientific publications and reports. In Appendix 4 we present some preprints and reprints of our scientific publications.

8. LIST OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS AND REPORTS AT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES AND SYMPOSIA

8A. MONOGRAPHS

8A1. L.I. Dorman, 2002 or 2003. Cosmic Rays in the Ground and in Atmosphere, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands (prepared according to the Contract and submitted for publication).

8A2. L.I. Dorman, 2003. Cosmic Rays in the Magnetosphere and in Space, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands (in preparation according to the Contract).

8B. PAPERS PUBLISHED IN REFEREED JOURNALS OR REFEREED PROCEEDINGS IN 2002 (OR PUBLISHED IN THE END OF 2001, AFTER PREPARING ANNUAL REPORT 4/2001).

8B1. Dorman Lev I., 2001. “Variable gamma ray sources, 1. Interactions of flare energetic particles with solar and stellar winds”. In Astrophysical Sources of High Energy Particles and Radiation, ed. M.M. Shapiro et al., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 219-230.

8B2. Dorman Lev I., 2001. “Variable gamma ray sources, 2. Interactions of galactic cosmic rays with solar and stellar winds”. In Astrophysical Sources of High Energy Particles and Radiation, ed. M.M. Shapiro et al., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 231-243.

8B3. Lev I. Dorman, 2001. “Cosmic ray long-term variation: even-odd cycle effect, role of drifts, and the onset of cycle 23”, Adv. Space Res., 27, No. 3, 601-606.

8B4. L.I. Dorman, I.V. Dorman, N. Iucci, M. Parisi, and G. Villoresi. 2001. “Hysteresis between solar activity and cosmic rays during cycle 22: the role of drifts, and the modulation region”, Adv. Space Res., 27, No. 3, 589-594.

8B5. L.I. Dorman, N. Iucci, and G. Villoresi, 2001. “Time lag between cosmic rays and solar activity; solar minimum of 1994-1996 and residual modulation”, Adv. Space Res., 27, No. 3, 595-600.

8B6. Lev I. Dorman, 2001. “Expected Gamma-Ray Fluxes from Interactions of Flare Energetic Particles with Solar Wind Matter”, in Gamma-Ray Astrophysics, 2001 (ed. S. Ritz et al.), AIP Conf. Proc., Vol. 587, 628-632.

8B7. Lev I. Dorman, 2001. “Interactions of Flare Energetic Particles with Stellar Wind Matter: Expected Gamma-Ray Fluxes from Local Stars”, in Gamma-Ray Astrophysics, 2001 (ed. S. Ritz et al.), AIP Conf. Proc., Vol. 587, 633-637.

8B8. L.I. Dorman, 2001. “Possible Using of Gamma Ray Measurements for Monitoring and Prediction of Radiation Hazard”, in 15^th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research, Biarritz 28-31 May 2001, pp. 457-462.

8B9. L.I. Dorman, 2001. “Solar Neutrino Fluxes through South, Equatorial, and North Heliolatitude Zones, and their Connection with Effective Solar Activity Parameters”, Proc. 19^th Intern. Conf. on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Sudbury, Canada, in Nuclear Physics B91, Paper P14.

8B10. L.I. Dorman, 2001. “Effective Solar Activity Parameters and Effective Heliolatitudes for each Run in Homestake Experiment, and Correlation with Solar Neutrino Fluxes”, Proc. 19^th Intern. Conf. on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, Sudbury, Canada, in Nuclear Physics B91, Paper P15.

8B11. Lev I. Dorman, 2002. “Solar Energetic Particle Events and Geomagnetic Storms Influence on People’s Health and Technology; Principles of Monitoring and Forecasting of Space Dangerous Phenomena by Using On-Line Cosmic Ray Data”, in Proc. 22^nd ISTC Japan Workshop on Space Weather Forecast in Russia/CIS (ed. Y. Muraki), Nagoya University, June 5-6, 2002, Vol. 2, 133-151.

8C. PAPERS SUBMITTED IN REFEREED JOURNALS OR REFEREED PROCEEDINGS AND (AFTER REFEREE PROCESS) ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION

8C1. L.I. Dorman, 2002. "Modulation Region of Galactic Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere: Estimation of Dimension, Radial Diffusion Coefficient, Intensity out of the Region". Physics of the Outer Heliosphere (in Adv. Space Res. ), accepted for publication after referee process.

8C2. Lev Dorman, Lev Pustil'nik, Abraham Sternlieb, and Igor Zukerman, 2002. "Using Ground-Level Cosmic Ray Observations for Automatically Generating Predictions of Hazardous Energetic Particle Levels”, Adv. Space Res., (accepted for publication after referee process).

8C3. Lev Dorman and Igor Zukerman, 2002. "Initial Concept for Forecasting the Flux and Energy Spectrum of Energetic Particles Using Ground-Level Cosmic Ray Observations”, Adv. Space Res., (accepted for publication after referee process).

8C4. A. Danilova, L.I. Dorman, N. Iucci, M. Parisi, N. Ptizina, M. Tyasto, and G. Villoresi, 2002 or 2003. “Cosmic ray cut-off rigidities for latitude survey in 1996-1997”, Geomagnetizm and Aeronomiya (accepted for publication after referee process).

8C5. A. Danilova, L.I. Dorman, N. Iucci, M. Parisi, N. Ptizina, M. Tyasto, and G. Villoresi, 2002 or 2003. “Effective cosmic ray cut-off rigidities accounting inclined direction and penumbra”, Izvestia of Russian Academy of Sci., Ser. Phys. (accepted for publication after referee process).

8C6. L.I. Dorman, 2003. “Cosmic rays and Space Weather”, in The Early Universe and the Cosmic Microwave Background: Theory and Observations (ed. Norma Sanchez), Kluwer Academic Publishers (accepted for publication after referee process).

8D. PAPERS, SUBMITTED FOR PUBLICATION IN REFEREED JOURNALS.

8D1. L.I. Dorman, N. Iucci, M. Parisi, L.A. Pustil'nik, A. Sternlieb, G. Villoresi, and I.G. Zukerman, 2002 or 2003. "Atmospheric Electric Field Effect in Cosmic Rays According to Observations on Emilio Segre’ Observatory" J. Geophys. Res. (submitted for publication).

8E. PAPERS, REPORTED ON THE EGS2002 GENERAL ASSEMBLY (NICE, APRIL 2002)

8E1. L.I. Dorman, 2002. “Radiocarbon generation by cosmic rays and elements transport, mixing and exchange on the Earth”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper NP13-1FR5P-025 (p. 297).

8E2. L.I. Dorman, N. Iucci, L.A. Pustil’nik, A. Sternlieb, G. Villoresi, I.G. Zukerman, 2002. “Cosmic rays and dynamical meteorology, 2. Snow effect in different multiplicities according to neutron monitor data of Emilio Segre’ Observatory”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper OA11-1MO5P-035 (p. 184).

8E3. L.I. Dorman, O.A. Danilova, N. Iucci, M. Parisi, N.G. Ptitsyna, M.I. Tyasto, G. Villoresi, 2002. “Cosmic rays in the magnetosphere, 1. Cut-off rigidities at different azimuth and zenith angles for latitude survey in December 1996-March 1997”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST13-1MO5P-065 (p. 243).

8E4. L.I. Dorman, O.A. Danilova, N. Iucci, M. Parisi, N.G. Ptitsyna, M.I. Tyasto, G. Villoresi, 2002. “Cosmic rays in the magnetosphere, 2. Apparent cut-off rigidities and coupling functions”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST13-1MO5P-066 (p. 243).

8E5. L.I. Dorman, 2002. “Solar wind and cosmic ray modulation in the outer Heliosphere: CR nonlinear processes in the interplanetary plasmas”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST14-1ER5P-055 (p. 245).

8E6. L.I. Dorman, L.A. Pustil’nik, A. Sternlieb, I.G. Zukerman, 2002. “Neutron monitor observations and space weather, 1. Automatically search of great solar energetic particle event beginning”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST2-1WE5P-043 (p. 223).

8E7. L.I. Dorman, L.A. Pustil’nik, A. Sternlieb, I.G. Zukerman, 2002. “Neutron monitor observations and space weather , 2. Automatically determination of solar energetic particle spectrum”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST2-1WE5P-044 (p. 223).

8E8. L.I. Dorman, 2002. “Neutron monitor observations and space weather , 3. Automatically determination of diffusion coefficient in the interplanetary space, time of ejection and energy spectrum in source”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST2-1WE5P-045 (p. 223).

8E9. L.I. Dorman, L.A. Pustil’nik, A. Sternlieb, I.G. Zukerman, 2002. “Cosmic ray monitoring and space dangerous phenomena, 1. Search of features in cosmic rays what can be used for forecasting of major geomagnetic storms”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST2-1WE5P-46 (p. 223).

8E10. A.V. Belov, L.I. Dorman, E.A. Eroshenko, N. Iucci, H. Mavromichalaki, L.A. Pustil’nik, A. Sternlieb, G. Villoresi, V.G. Yanke, I.G. Zukerman, 2002. “Cosmic ray monitoring and space dangerous phenomena, 2. Methods of cosmic ray using for forecasting of major geomagnetic storms”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST2-1WE5P-047 (p. 223).

8E11. A.V. Belov, L.I. Dorman, E.A. Eroshenko, L.I. Gromova, N. Iucci, A.E. Levitin, N.G. Ptitsyna, M.I. Tyasto, G. Villoresi, V.G. Yanke, 2002. “Relation of the “kosmos series” satellites’ malfunctions with space weather and with malfunctions from other spacecrafts”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST2-1WE5P-018 (p. 222).

8E12. A.V. Belov, L.I. Dorman, V.M. Dvornikov, E.A. Eroshenko, Yu.S. Fedorov, S.I. Nosov, V.E. Sdobnov, B.A. Shakhov, V.G. Yanke, 2002. “Model of the solar cosmic ray propagation and its use in the short time prognosis of the proton enhancements”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST2-1WE5P-048 (p. 223).

8E13. L.I. Dorman, 2002. “Gamma ray generation by interactions of flare energetic particles with solar wind matter”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST19.02-1FR5P-098 (p. 259).

8E14. L.I. Dorman, N. Iucci,. M. Parisi, G. Villoresi, 2002. “Neutron monitor observations and hysteresis phenomenon, 1. Approaches to the convection-diffusion and drifts long-term modulations for NM energies”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST19.02-1FR4A-006 (p. 258).

8E15. L.I. Dorman, N. Iucci,. M. Parisi, G. Villoresi, 2002. “Neutron monitor observations and hysteresis phenomenon, 2. Results for odd solar cycles 19 and 21”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST19.02-1FR5P-099 (p. 259).

8E16. L.I. Dorman, N. Iucci,. M. Parisi, G. Villoresi, 2002. “Neutron monitor observations and hysteresis phenomenon, 3. Results for even solar cycles 20 and 22”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST19.02-1FR5P-100 (p. 259).

8E17. L.I. Dorman, N. Iucci,. M. Parisi, G. Villoresi, 2002. “Neutron monitor observations and hysteresis phenomenon, 4. Comparison of time-lags for odd and even solar cycles, relative role of drifts”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST19.02-1FR5P-101 (p. 259).

8E18. L.I. Dorman, N. Iucci,. M. Parisi, G. Villoresi, 2002. “Neutron monitor observations and hysteresis phenomenon, 5. Results for solar minimum 1994-1996”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST19.02-1FR5P-102 (p. 259).

8E19. L.I. Dorman, N. Iucci,. M. Parisi, G. Villoresi, 2002. “Cosmic ray satellite data and hysteresis phenomenon 1. Expected relative role of convection-diffusion and drift mechanisms for small energies”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST19.02-1FR5P-103 (p. 259).

8E20. L.I. Dorman, N. Iucci,. M. Parisi, G. Villoresi, 2002. “Cosmic ray satellite data and hysteresis phenomenon 2. Proton fluxes”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST19.02-1FR5P-104 (p. 259).

8E21. L.I. Dorman, N. Iucci,. M. Parisi, G. Villoresi, 2002. “Cosmic ray satellite data and hysteresis phenomenon 3. Alpha-particle fluxes”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST19.02-1FR5P-105 (p. 259).

8E22. L.I. Dorman, I.V. Dorman, 2002. “Cosmic rays and clouds, 1. Formation of lead mesoatoms in neutron monitor by soft negative muons and expected atmospheric electric field effect in the cosmic ray neutron component”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST20-1WE5P-101 (p. 261).

8E23. L.I. Dorman, I.V. Dorman, N. Iucci, Yu. Ne’eman, L.A. Pustil’nik, A. Sternlieb, G. Villoresi, I.G. Zukerman, 2002. “Cosmic rays and clouds, 2. Atmospheric electric field effect in different neutron multiplicities according to Emilio Segre’ Observatory one minute data”, EGS 2002 Conference, Scientific Programme, Nice, April 2002, Paper ST20-1WE5P-102 (p. 261).

8F. Papers, reported on the Ringberg Workshop on Astro-Plasma Physics, Ringberg, Germany, June 2002.

8F1. L.I. Dorman, 2002. “Energetic particles in the heliosphere: formation of hysteresis phenomenon by convection-diffusion and drift mechanisms”, Ringberg Workshop on Astro-Plasma Physics, Ringberg, Germany, June 2002.

8F2. L.I. Dorman, 2002. “Flare energetic particle interaction with stellar and solar wind plasma: generation of gamma rays”, Ringberg Workshop on Astro-Plasma Physics, Ringberg, Germany, June 2002.

8F3. L.I. Dorman, 2002. “Cosmic ray nonlinear processes in solar and stellar wind plasmas”, Ringberg Workshop on Astro-Plasma Physics, Ringberg, Germany, June 2002.

8H. Papers, reported on the International Conference Solar Wind 10 (Italy, Pisa, June 2002), and submitted for publication in the refereed Proc. of Solar Wind 10.

8G1. Lev I. Dorman, 2002 or 2003. “Using Galactic Cosmic Ray Observations for Determination of the Heliosphere Structure During Different Solar Cycles”, Proc. of Solar Wind 10 , Paper SI-36, (submitted for referee process and publication).

8G2. Lev I. Dorman, 2002 or 2003. “Particle Rigidities According to Data of Hysteresis Phenomenon (Cycle 22)”, Paper SI-40, (submitted for referee process and publication).

8G3. Lev I. Dorman, Nunzio Iucci , Mario Parisi , Giorgio Villoresi, 2002 or 2003. “Solar Wind Properties on the Basis of Small Energy Particle Satellite Data, 1. Expected Relative Role of Convection-Diffusion and Drift Mechanisms for Small Cosmic Ray Energies ”, Paper SI-41, (submitted for referee process and publication).

8G4. Lev I. Dorman, Nunzio Iucci , Mario Parisi , Giorgio Villoresi, 2002 or 2003. “Solar Wind Properties on the Basis of Small Energy Particle Satellite Data, 2. Proton Fluxes”, Paper SI-42, (submitted for referee process and publication).

8G5. Lev I. Dorman, Nunzio Iucci , Mario Parisi , Giorgio Villoresi, 2002 or 2003. “Solar Wind Properties on the Basis of Small Energy Particle Satellite Data, 3. Alpha-Particle Fluxes ”, Paper SI-43, (submitted for referee process and publication).

8G6. Lev I. Dorman, 2002 or 2003. “Possible Using Gamma Ray Observations for Monitoring of Solar Wind Matter Distribution”, Paper SIV-17, (submitted for referee process and publication).

8H. Papers, reported on the 2^nd World Space Congress and COSPAR34 (Houston, October 2002), and submitted to the refereed journal Advance in Space Research.

8H1. L. I. Dorman, I. V. Dorman, 2003. "Cosmic rays, thunderstorm clouds, and possible influence on climate, 1. Formation of lead mesoatoms in neutron monitor by soft negative muons and expected atmospheric electric field effect in the cosmic ray neutron component", 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H2. L.I. Dorman, I.V. Dorman, N. Iucci, Y. Ne’eman, M.A. Parisi, L.A. Pustil’nik, F. Signoretti, A. Sternlieb, G. Villoresi, I.G. Zukerman , 2003. "Cosmic rays, thunderstorm clouds, and possible influence on climate, 2. Atmospheric electric field effect in different neutron multiplicities according to Emilio Segre' Observatory one minute data" , 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H3. L. I. Dorman, 2003. "Determination of cosmic ray intensity variations in the last 400 years on the basis of solar activity data with taking into account convection-diffusion and drift mechanisms: applications to radiocarbon and climate change data”, 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H4. L. I. Dorman, L.A. Pustil’nik, A.Sternlieb, I.G. Zukerman , 2003. "Great SEP events and space weather, 1. Experience of automatically search of event beginning; probabilities of false and missed alerts ", 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H5. L. I. Dorman, L.A. Pustil’nik, A.Sternlieb, I.G. Zukerman , 2003. " Great SEP events and space weather , 2. Automatically determination of solar energetic particle spectrum ", 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H6. L. I. Dorman, 2003. "Great SEP events and space weather, 3. Automatically determination of diffusion coefficient in the interplanetary space, time of ejection and energy spectrum in source”, 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H7. L. I. Dorman, 2003. "Great SEP events and space weather , 4. Principles of on-line radiation hazard forecasting in space, in magnetosphere, and in the atmosphere”, 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H2. L.I. Dorman, L.A. Pustil’nik, A. Sternlieb, I.G. Zukerman , 2003. "NM-MT network and space dangerous phenomena, 1. Principles of major geomagnetic storms forecasting", 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H8. A.V. Belov, L.I. Dorman, Eroshenko, E.A., N.Iucci, M.A. Parisi, L.A. Pustil’nik, A. Sternlieb, G. Villoresi, V.G.Yanke, I.G. Zukerman , 2003. " NM-MT network and space dangerous phenomena, 2. Examples of cosmic ray using for forecasting of major geomagnetic storms", 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H9. L.I. Dorman for the INTAS 810 team, 2003. "Different space weather effects in malfunctions of the high and low orbital satellites " , 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H10. L.I. Dorman, 2003. "The inverse problem for determining of energy spectrum and total flux of SEP in the source, time of ejection into solar wind, and propagation parametersin the interplanetary space on the basis of ground and satellite CR measurements, 2. The second step: estimations in the frame of the anisotropic diffusion model", 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H11. L.I. Dorman, 2003. " The inverse problem for determining of energy spectrum and total flux of SEP in the source, time of ejection into solar wind, and propagation parameters in the interplanetary space on the basis of ground and satellite CR measurements, 1. The first step: estimations in the frame of simple model of isotropic diffusion", 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H12. L.I. Dorman, 2003. "The inverse problem for determining of energy spectrum and total flux of SEP in the source, time of ejection into solar wind, and propagation parameters in the interplanetary space on the basis of ground and satellite CR measurements, 3. The third step: estimations in the frame of the kinetic propagation model", 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H13. L.I. Dorman, I.V. Dorman, N. Iucci, M.A. Parisi, G. Villoresi, I.G. Zukerman , 2003. "Galactic CR in the Heliosphere according to NM data, 1. Approaches to the convection-diffusion and drift long-term modulations for high energies " , 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H14. L.I. Dorman, I.V. Dorman, N. Iucci, M.A. Parisi, G. Villoresi, I.G. Zukerman , 2003. " Galactic CR in the Heliosphere according to NM data, 2. Results for odd solar cycles 19 and 21” 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H15. L.I. Dorman, I.V. Dorman, N. Iucci, M.A. Parisi, G. Villoresi, I.G. Zukerman , 2003. "Galactic CR in the Heliosphere according to NM data, 3. Results for even solar cycles 20 and 22 " , 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2003, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H16. L.I. Dorman, I.V. Dorman, N. Iucci, M.A. Parisi, G. Villoresi, I.G. Zukerman , 2003. " Galactic CR in the Heliosphere according to NM data, 4. Comparison of time-lags for odd and even solar cycles, relative role of drifts " , 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H17. L.I. Dorman, I.V. Dorman, N. Iucci, M.A. Parisi, G. Villoresi, I.G. Zukerman , 2003. “Galactic CR in the Heliosphere according to NM data, 5. Comparison of results for solar minimum and maximum” 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H18. L.I. Dorman, N. Iucci, M.A. Parisi, G. Villoresi, I.G., 2003. "Hysteresis phenomenon according to CR satellite data, 1. Expected relative role of drift and convection-diffusion mechanisms for small energies”, 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H19. L.I. Dorman, N. Iucci, M.A. Parisi, G. Villoresi, I.G., 2003. "Hysteresis phenomenon according to CR satellite data, 2. Results on the basis of proton fluxes data " , 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

8H20. L.I. Dorman, N. Iucci, M.A. Parisi, G. Villoresi, I.G., 2003. " Hysteresis phenomenon according to CR satellite data, 3. Results on the basis of alpha-particle fluxes data " 2nd World Space Congress and COSPAR, Houston, October 2002, Adv. Space Res. (submitted for publication).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The staff of Israel Cosmic Ray Center thanks very much Prof. Yuval Ne¢eman, Dr. Abraham Sternlieb, Aby Har-Even, and Dr. Gideon Bella for their constant attention and great help in the foundation and development of the Israel Cosmic Ray Center, Emilio Segre’ Observatory, and National Space Weather Center; without this support our Project could not have been successful. Our great gratitude also to General Director of the Ministry of Science David Lefler, Major of Qazrin Dr. S. Bar-Lev and S. Naftali for constant and great help. The work of neutron monitor and other sensors in ESO on Mt. Hermon was supported by our Collaboration with Roma Tre University and IFSI-CNR (Italy). Cordial thanks to our Italian colleagues Prof. Nunzio Iucci, Prof. Mario Parisi, Dr. Marisi Storini and Dr. Giorgio Villoresi, to Dr. Michael Murat (Soreq) and the Head of the Import Department of TAU Avi Gurevich, to Shushana Shalom, Barbara Zinger, Matilda Elron, Ronit Nevo, Haja Ben Ziv for their great help in solving a lot of difficult problems connected with the organization and operation of the Emilio Segre’ Cosmic Ray Observatory and the ICRC Laboratory at Qazrin. We had a lot of fruitful discussions with H. Ahluwalia, M.V. Alania, J.H. Allen, V.Kh. Babayan, A.V. Belov, J. Bieber, A. Chilingarian, M. Duldig, E.A. Eroshenko, O. Kryakunova, K. Kudela, H. Mavromichulaki, Y. Muraky, K. Mursula, M. Panasyuk, N. Ptitsyna, A. Shapiro, M.A. Shea, B. Shirman, D.F. Smart, M.I. Tyasto, Y. Usoskin, J.F. Valdes-Galicia, E.V. Vashenyuk, V.G. Yanke. In the early stages of our Project we received important attention and help from the former Minister of Science Dr. Benjamin Begin, from the head of Department of the Ministry of Science Ms. Frida Soffer, Prof. David Eichler (Ben Gurion University), former heads of Physics Department of the Technion Prof. Gioro Shaviv and Prof. Moshe Moshe, Prof. Arnon Dar, Prof. Lev Pitaevskii, Prof. Aria Laor, Dr. Eretz Etzion, Major of Qazrin Sami Bar-Lev, Director-General of MIGAL Jacob Arzi, former Head of the Golan Research Institute Dr. G. Degani and Dr. G. Emdin, former Director of Golan Development Company Uri Meir.

APPENDIX 1 TO THE ANNUAL REPORT 5/2002

SCHEME OF ESO AND ITS CONNECTION WITH INTERNET

INTERNET SITE OF ISRAEL COSMIC RAY CENTER AND EMILIO SEGRE' OBSERVATORY